Introduction: Optimal treatment of dyslipidemia is a top priority in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. For this purpose, clinicians in Iran usually refer to four current international guidelines. The aim of this study was to assess the approach of Iranian CLINICAL PHARMACISTs in the treatment of dyslipidemia based on international guidelines. Methods: A structured questionnaire was prepared. Questions (n=24) included the demographics (n=7), dyslipidemia references (n=3), dyslipidemia general knowledge of respondents (n=10), and questions (n=4) designed based on the difference among the latest version of guidelines participants stated they use in their practice. After validity conformation, the questionnaire was distributed to 120 CLINICAL PHARMACISTs, electronically from May to August 2021. Results: Response rate was 77. 5% (n=93). The majority of participants (80. 6%, n=75) claimed to have used the 2018 ACC/AHA guideline. The Median (interquartile range [IQR]) score of the general knowledge questions was 5. 0 (2. 0) out of 10. The Median (IQR) score of questions designed based on the difference among guidelines was calculated 3(1) out of 4. There was no significant (P=0. 25) difference in score among participants according to their guideline selection. Moreover, the gender and length of experience as a CLINICAL PHARMACIST had no significant (P>0. 05) effect on the score of participants. Conclusion: In this study, Iranian CLINICAL PHARMACISTs answered half of the dyslipidemia general knowledge questions correctly. Also, Participants were up-to-date on 75% of the questions designed based on the latest version of the guideline they had been using in their practice.

Background: Drug-induced QTc prolongation represents the predominant cause of acquired long QTc syndrome. PHARMACISTs’ intervention, through the screening of at-risk patients and the provision of recommendations to prescribers for modifying drug regimens, may mitigate the adverse outcomes associated with this condition. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the role of CLINICAL PHARMACISTs in reducing drug-induced acquired long QTc syndrome and mitigating the risk of progression toward life-threatening arrhythmias. Methods: We included hospitalized patients who were receiving at least two concomitant QT-prolonging medications, or one QT-prolonging medication along with a diagnosis of heart failure, myocardial infarction, or sepsis in the study over three months. Using the Tisdale risk score, we provided recommendations to the prescribing physician, and acceptance rates were recorded. Additionally, the rate of QTc prolongation was assessed in the patients. Results: The study was completed with 90 patients. The concomitant use of ondansetron and methadone was identified as the most common high-risk drug combination. A total of 56 PHARMACIST recommendations were made, with an estimated physician acceptance rate of 89%. Additionally, normalization of the QTc interval was observed in 14 out of 22 patients (63. 6%) following PHARMACISTs’ intervention. Conclusion: CLINICAL PHARMACISTs are instrumental in the prevention of drug-induced long QTc syndrome among hospitalized patients.

Diclofenac and ketorolac are prescribed as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) used to manage pain and inflammation. However, co-administration of them could lead to serious health problems. We seek to highlight the potential dangers of their concurrent use.   We discuss the increased risk of severe gastrointestinal complications, including ulceration, bleeding, and perforation, associated with combining these medications. The case emphasizes the importance of clinician awareness of this drug interaction and advocates for safer prescribing practices. Also, we shed light on the significant role of CLINICAL PHARMACISTs in each community pharmacy, hospital, and medical centre...

Honeybee, a small -although powerful- creature moves from one place to another to make an elixir, which cures different diseases. To make one kilogram of honey the small creature has to carry 150000 pieces of pollen and suck the sap of ten million flowers. Both honey and the honeybee poison have been used in treating diseases for thousands of years. The product made by such tiny creatures has been adored by the peoples of different lands and the divine books of different religions have appreciated honey. The traditional medicine books recommend honey for treating diseases such as toothache, cardiovascular diseases, arthritis, malnutrition, healing wounds, and so on. Honeybee poison has been advised for treating rheumatic diseases and arthritis and so forth. Recent studies have shown that poison of the honeybee is a complicated jumble of enzymes, proteins and amino acids, while honey contains different minerals such as calcium, sulfur, potassium, manganese, and phosphorous. Honey also contains different amino acids, vitamins and sugar. This article presents the cases where honeybee poison is used in traditional medicine and the researches conducted on honey and poison of honeybee during recent years.

Objective: Poor medication adherence, drug interactions, and adverse drug events occur frequently in patients with bipolar I disorder (BD-I), affecting their treatment outcomes. Due to limited research regarding the impact of pharmaceutical care (PC) services in the management of patients with BD-I, this study was designed to assess the role of CLINICAL PHARMACIST-led interventions on outcomes of BD-I patients. Methods: A prospective randomized CLINICAL trial was designed, and 59 patients were randomly assigned to the intervention group and 48 patients to the control group. Patients in the intervention group were provided with medication therapy management and follow-up services by the CLINICAL PHARMACIST, whereas the control group only received routine care. Outcomes which were assessed at baseline (before discharge), 1 month, and 3 months after discharge were the Medication Appropriateness Index (MAI), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Young Mania Rating Scale, and World Health Organization Quality of Life, Brief version (WHOQOL-BREF). Findings: Endpoint mean changes in MAI scores from baseline were −5. 25 ± 5. 19 and 2. 02 ± 3. 98 points for the intervention and control groups, respectively (P < 0. 001). Depressive symptoms, measured by the BDI-II, also showed significant improvement in the intervention group,the mean change from baseline to 2nd follow-up assessment was −1. 47 ± 7. 73 in the intervention group and 1. 66 ± 6. 42 in the control group (P = 0. 02). Furthermore, the mean change from baseline to 2nd follow-up in the psychological health domain of the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was significantly higher in the intervention group (4. 59 ± 17. 79) compared with the control group (−3. 90 ± 12. 55) (P = 0. 005). Conclusion: Our findings reveal that CLINICAL PHARMACIST-provided services could positively affect outcomes in BD-I patients.

The aim of this research is to assess the impact of CLINICAL PHARMACIST-provided education on medication adherence in haemodialysis patients. Ninety haemodialysis patients were randomized into two groups. Brief medication questionnaire (BMQ), a tool for screening adherence was administered to both groups at the baseline to assess adherence to antihypertensives, vitamin D analogues, phosphate binders and folic acid in haemodialysis patients. The intervention group received education regarding their medications by a CLINICAL PHARMACIST over seven weeks. The control group received standard care. At the end of eight weeks, BMQ was once again administered to patients of both groups. At the baseline, there was no significant difference in the mean BMQ regimen, belief, recall and the medication access screen scores of the control and intervention groups. At the end of the eighth week, there was a significant drop (p<0.05) in the mean scores of regimen, belief and recall screens of BMQ in the intervention group, indicating an improved level of medication adherence. For the control group, there was no significant drop in the mean BMQ screen scores. The reported level of non-adherence was the highest for phosphate binders. We conclude that CLINICAL PHARMACIST-provided education was effective in improving adherence behaviour of haemodialysis patients.